Grid devices will have no effect on which of the following items?

Grid devices are specifically designed to improve image quality in radiographic imaging by reducing the amount of scattered radiation that reaches the image receptor. Scattered radiation can degrade the quality of diagnostic images, leading to a reduction in contrast. By absorbing this scattered radiation, grids enhance image contrast, making it easier to differentiate between structures and improve the overall diagnostic utility of the image.

When it comes to radiation dose to the patient, using grids typically requires an increase in technique—often necessitating an increase in milliampere-seconds (mAs) to maintain adequate exposure despite the grid's attenuation of primary radiation. This can lead to a higher radiation dose for the patient when a grid is used.

In terms of exposure time, the use of a grid may also demand a longer exposure time to allow for the proper amount of radiation to penetrate the increased absorption properties of the grid. Therefore, while grids significantly impact on image contrast, they also influence patient dose and exposure time as well, but they do not have a direct effect on the production of secondary and scattered radiation. Secondary and scattered radiation are inherent byproducts of the interactions that occur during radiography, and grids do not change these interactions—they only filter some of the scattered radiation that is produced from the original beam